Flame spread over the surface of thermal insulation materials in different environments

Experiments were conducted in a plateau area in Lhasa and a plain area in Hefei China to investigate the flame spread characteristics on thermal insulation materials under different environmental conditions (pressure and oxygen concentration).Molded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) samples were placed horizontally on a small-scale flame spread experimental bench.Changes in the average length of the pool fire,flame spread speed,average flame height,and length of preheating zone were used to determine the effect of the plateau and plain environments on flame spread characteristics.These parameters were all larger in Hefei than in Lhasa,which indicates the fire hazard in Hefei will be higher than that in Lhasa if insulation materials of the same size are used.     

某冰水堆积体层流-紊流过渡状态渗流特性试验研究

澜沧江上游两岸河谷地带广泛分布一套规模巨大、形成于第四纪更新世中晚期的冰水堆积体,这类冰水堆积体往往具有较特别的渗流特性。通过对澜沧江某冰水堆积体的结构特征调查和颗粒组成试验分析,从沉积相的角度,认为该冰水堆积体可分为两层:表层厚约40 m的混合巨粒土,和底部厚约17 m的粗颗粒土。通过对这两层冰水堆积体的渗流特点试验研究,结果表明地下水在表层混合巨粒土中的渗流方式主要表现为层流-紊流过渡阶段的特点,渗流速度与水力梯度成幂函数关系;而在底部粗颗粒土中的运移方式主要表现为层流特点。根据混合巨粒土的渗流特点,文中提出了两种计算其渗透系数的方法,即根据渗透速度和水力梯度关系曲线估算渗透系数,或采用文中提出的公式计算渗透系数。     

Calculation of Turbulent Flow with Pseudo-spectral Method

This paper deals with the numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent boundary flow of a flat plate with the pseudo-spectral matrix method. In order to appear more than 10 nodes in the turbulent base-stratum and transition of 43×43 computational grids,a coordinate transformation is put up from physical panel to computational panel. Several zero turbulent models are computed comparatively. The results are credible when comparing with the previous methods.     

船用柴油机阻燃式防爆阀的压力降分析

提出一种阻燃式防爆阀的压力降分析方法.通过分析阻燃式防爆阀的结构和工作原理，建立了数值分析模型.借助计算流体力学技术，分析了不同的入口温度和入口压力对阀内压力分布的影响.结果显示，入口温度对阀内压力分布的影响不大，入口压力对阀内的压力分布有影响.拟合不同入口压力时基本单元截面的压力值，得到各截面的压力与入口压力、基本单元数的函数关系.该函数关系能够有效地反映阀内的压力降趋势，计算出各基本单元截面的压力值，从而可以指导具体的阻燃式防爆阀的设计.     

Premixed jet flame characteristics of syngas using OH planar laser induced fluorescence

Lean premixed flame characteristics of several typical low calorific value (LCV) syngases (basis CO/H2/CH4/CO2/N2),including bituminous coal,wood residue,corn core,and wheat straw gasification syngas,were investigated using OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology.OH radical distributions within the turbulent flame were measured for different turbulence intensities.Flame structures of syngases were analyzed and characterized with respect to burnt and unburnt regions,flame curvature (sharp cusp),local extinction (holes and penetration),OH reaction layer thickness,wrinkling,and other features,with OH-PLIF instantaneous images and statistical analysis.Results show that H2 content,LCV,and turbulence intensity are the most effective factors influencing the OH radical intensity and thickness of OH radical layers.The bituminous coal gasification syngas with relatively higher LCV and H2 content tends to burn out easily.Through changes in thickness of the OH radical layers and signal intensities,the reaction layer can be compressed by intensifying turbulence and thereby the combustion processes of syngas.     

矩形通道内具有Rayleigh-Benard对流的湍流换热大涡模拟

基于动态Smagorinsky涡黏模型对矩形通道截面内具有Rayleigh-Benard对流的湍流充分流动和换热问题进行了大涡模拟研究,分析了浮升力对管道截面的平均速度、温度分布以及雷诺应力的影响.湍流雷诺数为400,格拉晓夫数从105变化到107.研究结果表明:随着格拉晓夫数的增大,浮升力增强,通道内平均速度减小;亚格子黏性系数明显增大,湍流强度增强,换热也明显增强;由于浮升力的存在,在高温壁面附近,主流湍动能减小,展向湍流强度大大增强;初始条件对平均速度及温度的分布有一定的影响,但对平均的阻力系数及换热系数没有影响.     

稀释气体对甲烷层流预混火焰燃烧速度的影响

基于GRI-Mech 3.0详细化学反应机理,利用预混燃烧模型(PREMIX Code)研究了甲烷-空气-稀释气层流预混火焰燃烧特性及火焰结构.重点探讨了不同化学当量比(0.5～1.5)、初始压力(0.05～0.40 MPa)、稀释气体种类(N2,CO2及H2O)和稀释摩尔比(0～0.35)对甲烷-空气-稀释气混合气层...     

基于视频的火灾监控关键技术研究

本文研究的主要内容是对火焰视频进行检测,寻找出火焰区域.设计上选用RGB色彩空间和HSV色彩空间对视频进行火焰区域检测,同时针对火焰颜色、形态以及动态特性给出了图像处理和识别的算法.通过多次实验证实本文结合RGB与HSV的思路对火焰检测有一个良好的效果.     

硅酸四(二氯丙基)酯的合成及表征

以四氯化硅和环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成新型硅卤协同阻燃剂硅酸四(二氯丙基)酯.探讨反应物质的量比,反应温度及反应时间等对产品收率的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为四氯化硅与环氧氯丙烷的物质的量比为1:4.4,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为8h,产品产率为98％.并采用元素分析FTIR、1H-NMR、极限氧指数等技术表征硅酸四(二氯丙基)酯的分子结构及相关性能.     

湍流燃烧的简化的联合PDF模拟

为同时满足工程应用中的合理性和经济性 ,提出了一种简化的联合三维高斯分布的 PDF模型 ,将其用于后台阶突扩燃烧室中甲烷燃烧的数值模拟。由于充分考虑了组分浓度、温度的一阶矩以及它们的二阶自关联矩和互关联矩对化学反应速率的影响 ,得到的火焰形状和温度分布无论是定性还是定量上都比 EBU模型和 Arrhenius模型合理。因计算量较小 ,模型在工程实际中 ,特别是污染物生成的数值模拟中得到应用